Courses
Movement Disorders
Axis II: Aetiology
Phenomenology of the movement disorder(s)
SYNDROME RECOGNITION
Dystonia
INDEX
1
OVERVIEW OF DYSTONIA
2
CLASSIFICATION OF DYSTONIA
2.1
Axis I: Clinical Features
2.1.1
Age at Onset
2.1.2
Body distribution
2.1.3
Temporal Pattern
2.1.4
Associated features
2.2
Axis II: Aetiology
2.2.1
Inherited
2.2.1.1
DYT naming system for dystonia
2.2.1.2
Proposed Dystonia Naming System
2.2.1.3
Genetic Disorders linked to dystonia
2.2.1.3.1
DRD/Segawa's Disease: DYT/PARK-GCH1
2.2.1.3.2
Fahr's Disease: primary familial brain calcification (PFBC)
2.2.1.3.3
Neuronal Degeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA)
2.2.1.3.4
DYT-TOR1A
2.2.1.3.5
DYT-THAP1
2.2.1.3.6
DYT-ANO3
2.2.1.3.7
DYT-GNAL
2.2.1.3.8
DYT-ATP1A3
2.2.1.3.9
Myoclonus-Dystonia: DYT-SGCE
2.2.1.3.10
DYT-PRKRA
2.2.1.3.11
TUBB4 (Whispering Dystonia)
2.2.2
Acquired
3
EXAMINATION OF DYSTONIA
4
SYNDROME RECOGNITION
4.1
Phenomenology of the disorder(s)
4.2
Diagnostic algorithm of dystonia
4.3
Dystonia Syndromes: Red Flags
4.4
Combined Dystonia Syndromes
4.4.1
With Parkinsonism
4.4.2
With Spasticity +/- Parkinsonism
4.4.3
With cerebellar ataxia
4.4.4
With myoclonus
4.4.5
With Paroxysmal Dyskinesias
4.4.6
With prominent oro-mandibular involvement
4.5
With other neurological involvement
4.5.1
With ocular disorders
4.5.2
With deafness
4.5.3
With progressive dementia
4.5.4
With peripheral neuropathy
4.6
Dystonia with systemic disease
4.6.1
With endocrinological abnormalities
4.6.2
With hematological abnormalities
4.6.3
With solid organ involvement
4.7
Syndromes according to Brain Imaging
4.7.1
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA)
4.7.2
With basal ganglia lesions (other than BIA)
4.7.3
With basal ganglia calcification
4.7.4
With leukoencephalopathy
4.7.5
Progressive dystonia with normal brain MRI or generalised atrophy
5
PHYSIOLOGY OF DYSTONIA
6
RATING SCALES FOR DYSTONIA
7
MAJOR TYPES OF DYSTONIA
7.1
Primary dystonia, PD or Parkinsonian syndrome?
7.2
Dystonia in Parkinson-plus syndromes
7.3
Dystonia and disorders of Posture in Parkinsonism
7.4
Dystonic Tremor
7.5
Spasmodic Dysphonia
Progressive dystonia with normal brain MRI or generalised atrophy
Progressive dystonia with normal brain MRI or generalised atrophy
References
